La defensa aérea de Vietnam del Norte contra la campaña de bombardeos de EE. UU. (1965 – 1968)

Autores/as

  • Johny Santana de Araújo Universidade Federal do Piauí – UFPI

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53351/ruhm.v11i22.906

Palabras clave:

Guerra Fría, Guerra aérea, Vietnam del Norte, Operación Rolling Thunder, EEUU

Resumen

A finales de 1964, el Gobierno de los Estados Unidos se enfrentaba a grandes dificultades para lidiar con la situación política en Vietnam del Sur, debido a la acción constante de la guerrilla vietnamita. El presidente Lyndon Baynes Johnson optó por una demostración efectiva de fuerza, subrayando aún más su apoyo a los vietnamitas del sur. El primer recurso utilizado en el ataque militar fue el de la ofensiva aérea, que provocó tantas discusiones como el retraso en la utilización de tropas terrestres. Entre febrero y marzo de 1965 el presidente Johnson envió los primeros contingentes militares de los Estados Unidos a Vietnam del Sur y lanzó una importante campaña de bombardeos contra Vietnam del Norte llamada Rolling Thunder, para inaugurar la participación oficial del país en la guerra. Las ofensivas aéreas no lograron sus objetivos en su conjunto, ya que no detuvieron el flujo de hombres y materiales que abastecían al Viet Cong. Este artículo tiene como objetivo recordar cómo la entonces República Democratica de Vietnam del Norte logró con su sistema defensivo responder a los ataques de la aviación militar de los EUA, utilizando aviones de origen ruso y chino; cómo aprovecharon al máximo la capacidad de sus pilotos, sus equipajes y cómo el país superó la adversidad, sus propias limitaciones y el inmenso poder aéreo estadounidense entre 1965 y 1968. También se observó cómo los efectos secundarios de la ofensiva aérea contra Vietnam del Norte fueron grandes y cómo fueron capitalizados por los norvietnamitas como propaganda negativa de la guerra. Con este fin, trabajamos con un enfoque en el campo de la nueva Historia Militar y la Historia de las Relaciones Internacionales. Utilizamos las fuentes disponibles de las colecciones en línea de la Biblioteca Presidencial, Lyndon Baynes Johnson, el Proyecto de Historia Internacional de la Guerra Fría ubicado en el Centro Wilson, los Archivos Nacionales de los Estados Unidos (NARA), el archivo en línea del periódico francés Le Monde y el periódico estadounidense Chicago Tribune. Al final del artículo se usan como soporte bibliográfico los trabajos de Boniface (2015), Davies (2008), McNamara (1995), Moïse (1996), Morrocco (1984), Toperczer (2001), Van Staaveren (2002).

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Citas

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Publicado

2022-07-26

Cómo citar

Santana de Araújo, J. (2022). La defensa aérea de Vietnam del Norte contra la campaña de bombardeos de EE. UU. (1965 – 1968). Revista Universitaria De Historia Militar, 11(22), 228–251. https://doi.org/10.53351/ruhm.v11i22.906