La Guerra Civil Española a través de la censura militar

Authors

  • Nicolò Da Lio Università degli Studi di Padova

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53351/ruhm.v7i15.475

Keywords:

ejército italiano, Guerra Civil Española, censura, fascismo, experiencia bélica

Abstract

La Guerra Civil Española fue la guerra más ideologizada de todas en las que combatieron los italianos durante la década de 1935-1945. Este artículo se centra en la censura militar de la correspondencia de los voluntarios, con el objetivo de arrojar algo de luz a la experiencia bélica de los militares italianos, con particular interés en los arquetipos y estereotipos que soldados y oficiales usaron para transmitir dicha experiencia a sus familias y en Italia. Las cartas censuradas pueden sugerir el grado en el que el discurso fascista de legitimación fue interiorizado por los combatientes, y si entraba en conflicto con las propias vías castrenses de justificar la intervención, ideológica, en una guerra civil extranjera.

La principal fuente utilizada es el reducido número de cartas transcritas preservadas en un archivo de censura por el Ufficio Storico dello Stato Maggiore dell’Esercito del ejército italiano. Los censores o bien transcribieron las misivas relevantes o elaboraron informes resumidos que contenían juicios cortos y estereotipados sobre la moral de las tropas y su espíritu combativo. Esa fuente, por ende, es netamente diferente de otros casos de censura militar durante la Guerra Civil, así como de la posterior censura organizada durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial por las autoridades italianas.

El artículo busca profundizar en estos ego-documentos escritos durante la contienda, analizando las cartas que los italianos escribieron durante la “década de la guerra” italiana de 1935-1945, coordinando así estos dos marcos. En este sentido, se subrayarán las similitudes entre la mentalidad military y la ideología (paramilitary) fascista, así como sus diferencias irreconciliables. Estas diferencias modelaron el modo en que se esableció el diálogo entre la política italiana y las instituciones militares, estando recíprocamente influidas por sus respectivas culturas y agendas, al tiempo que la politización del Ejército Real Italiano fue lllevada a cabo gracias a la guerra librada en España. Incluso si el ejército italiano no puede considerarse como estrictamente fascista, fue responsable de library las guerras del fascismo, reforzando el propio fascismo y sus políticas. Por ende, el artículo sostendrá que, como en el caso de otros ejércitos politizados, las fronteras que separaban la ideología fascista y la mentalidad military fueron progresivamente desapareciendo, siendo en ultimo término eclipsadas por el carimos de Mussolini.

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Author Biography

Nicolò Da Lio, Università degli Studi di Padova

Nicolò Da Lio obtained his MA in Historical Sciences at the Università degli Studi di Padova, and his PhD at the Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale. His research interests are War and Society Studies, Political History and Military History. He is currently working as a Research Fellow at the Università degli Studi di Padova on a project studying the role of local Military Courts in the mobilization of the Italian home front during Italy’s Decade of war of 1935 1945.

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Published

2018-12-29

How to Cite

Da Lio, N. (2018). La Guerra Civil Española a través de la censura militar. Revista Universitaria De Historia Militar, 7(15). https://doi.org/10.53351/ruhm.v7i15.475

Issue

Vol. 7 No. 15 (2018): La Restauración como fenómeno extra-europeo, 1814-1826

Section

Estudios

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