Nationalists or liberal-conservatives militaries: the constitution of Suez Battalion (UNEF I) in Brazil in 1956

Authors

  • Virgílio Arraes Universidade de Brasília
  • Bruno Rezende Santiago Chagas Secretaria de Educação do Distrito Federal

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53351/ruhm.v11i23.781

Keywords:

UNEF I, Suez Battalion, Brazil's Army

Abstract

The article deals with the formation of the Suez Battalion, a force destined to participate in the United Nations peacekeeping mission in Egypt starting in 1957 as Brazil, under the President Juscelino Kubitschek, wished to strengthen its image internationally. At stake was the Suez Canal which was administered for decades by a French-British company, but nationalized only in 1956 by Egypt. This would cause a strong reaction from Great Britain and France, and together with Israel would invade the country in order to press for the return of control. The administration of the Suez Canal was strategic because it covered oil transportation to parts of Europe and Africa. Beyond the economic issue, politics played an important role as a symbol of Egypt's anti-imperialist posture. After the invasion, the Soviet Union threatened Great Britain and France, which lead the United States to propose a ceasefire to the United Nations, accepted by those involved.

Soon after, a peace mission for the region was proposed – The United Nations Emergence Force (UNEF). From the American viewpoint, there was a concern that UNEF could serve as propaganda for the Egyptians, Soviets or even neutral countries, agreed at the Bandung Conference (1955), while from the Soviet perspective, there was a concern that it could be a 'warning' to countries contesting imperialism or an attempt by the old metropolises to influence ex-territories.  Between the two perspectives, Brazil came closer to the first viewpoint, but without automatic alignment with the United States. The objective of integrating the mission stemmed from the possibility of increasing internal prestige, given the country's situation of tension, and the government's regional situation. Brazil's armed forces were divided into two ideologies: nationalist and liberal-conservative. The first one identified with the anti-colonial ideal – self-determination and autonomy – while the second one with democracy and anti-communism – 'free world'.

The work contextualizes the global and national scenario in which the two military political lines are inserted and their contribution to the participation of Brazil in the Suez mission.

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Author Biographies

Virgílio Arraes, Universidade de Brasília

Bacharel (1994), mestre (1998) e doutor (2005) em História pela Universidade de Brasília.

Pós-doutorado (2017) em História pela Universidade de Montréal.

Professor Associado do Departamento de História da Universidade de Brasília (2009-presente)

Professor Substituto do Instituto de Relações Internacionais da Universidade de Brasília (1999-2002)

Professor colaborador do mesmo instituto (2002-2008)

Primeiro Secretário do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico do Distrito Federal (2020-presente)

Professor da Escola Superior de Guerra do Ministério da Defesa (2015-2018)

Professor do Ministério das Relações Exteriores (2008-2012)

Coordenador do Grupo de Trabalho de História e Relações Internacionais da Associação Nacional de História (2020-presente)

Bruno Rezende Santiago Chagas, Secretaria de Educação do Distrito Federal

Licenciado em História e Geografia (1999) pela União Pioneira de Integração Social, mestre em Ciência Política (2012) pelo Centro Universitário Euro-Americano e Doutor em História pela Universidade de Brasília (2019)

Professor de História da Secretaria de Educação do Governo do Distrito Federal (2001-presente)

Pesquisador do Instituto Cerratense Paulo Bertran (2013-presente)

Professor da Escola de Aperfeiçoamento dos Profissionais da Educação do Governo do Distrito Federal (2007-2013)

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Published

2023-02-08

How to Cite

Arraes, V., & Rezende Santiago Chagas, B. (2023). Nationalists or liberal-conservatives militaries: the constitution of Suez Battalion (UNEF I) in Brazil in 1956. Revista Universitaria De Historia Militar, 11(23), 206–228. https://doi.org/10.53351/ruhm.v11i23.781

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 23 (2022): Guerra irregular en la Edad Contemporánea

Section

Estudios

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Copyright (c) 2023 Virgílio Arraes, Bruno Rezende Santiago Chagas

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