Border defense and the nationalizing crusade by the Argentine Army in the Nahuel Huapi region (1937-1964)

Authors

  • María Morales Universidad nacional del Comahue

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53351/ruhm.v11i23.786

Keywords:

Army, Region, Border, Defense, Argentinization

Abstract

After the violent process of incorporation of Patagonia to the Argentine nation-state during the so-called conquest of the "desert", the military presence in the northwestern border of the National Territories was not, however, consolidated until the end of the 1930's. The deployment of the first military contingents in Northern Patagonia responded to a variety of goals set after the military coup that ousted the constitutional government of Hipólito Yrigoyen. However, Patagonia in general and the Nahuel Huapi region in particular had been on the agenda of the military high command since at least five years before the coup. Issues related, on the one hand, to "national defense" and "internal order" and, on the other hand, to the need to "Argentineize" its very diverse population, were among the reasons that prompted various military incursions since the mid 1920s, paving the way for the later continued presence of the Army in the region.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the process of installation of the Argentine Army from 1937 on in the Nahuel Huapi region, starting with the then-called Agrupación Militar Bariloche and focusing mainly on the missions and functions that characterised military presence in the "Great Lake" between 1937 and 1964. During this period, the Army underwent a profound institutional reorganization on a national level as a result of the professionalization process initiated at the end of the 19th century, whereas, on a regional level, mountain troops were organized and garrisoned there. It is in this context that the Bariloche garrison became crucial for the protection of the territory and the border, as well as to contribute to the "nationalizing crusade" launched by the de facto government.

Via the use of sources such as military units garrisoned in the city of San Carlos de Bariloche during the referenced period, it will be possible to venture a preliminary analysis of the role played by the Agrupación Militar regarding border defense and also its impact in the socio-spatial configuration in Nahuel Huapi, as well as how the military gained, through its actions, hegemonic representations in the region.

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Author Biography

María Morales, Universidad nacional del Comahue

María Morales es profesora de historia, recibida en la Universidad Nacional del Comahue, sede Bariloche (CRUB), donde realiza tareas de docencia e investigación. Actualmente es becaria doctoral de CONICET con lugar de trabajo en el Instituto de investigaciones en Diversidad y Procesos de Cambio IIDyPCa, CONICET-UNRN; se encuentra cursando el segundo año del Doctorado con Mención en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades en la Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Se especializa en estudios regionales del oeste rionegrino y se centra particularmente en la instalación del Ejército argentino en la región del Nahuel Huapi y el impacto que generó su presencia en los procesos de organización social y territorial.

References

Repositorios y Archivos consultados

Archivo del Ejército, Servicio Histórico del Ejército, CABA

Biblioteca “Virgen de las Nieves”, San Carlos de Bariloche

Biblioteca Central del Ejército, CABA

Batallón de Ingenieros de Montaña, Neuquén Capital

Batallón de Comunicaciones, Neuquén Capital

Escuela Militar de Montaña, San Carlos de Bariloche

Publicaciones Institucionales

Dirección de Parques Nacionales: Memoria, Año 1936.

Dirección de Parques Naciones: Memoria Año 1935.

Ejército Argentino: Historia de las comunicaciones en el Ejército Argentino, s/año.

Ejército Argentino: Evolución de grandes unidades, 1905-2010.

Ejército Argentino: Memorias del Ministerio de Guerra, Años 1936-1937.

Ejército Argentino: Libro Histórico, Batallón de Ingenieros, Año 1938.

Ejército Argentino: Libro Histórico, Batallón de Comunicaciones, Año1938.

Ejército Argentino: Libro Histórico: Batallón de Comunicaciones, Año 1939.

Ejército Argentino: Libro Histórico, Batallón de Ingenieros, Año 1941.

Ejército Argentino: Libro Histórico: Batallón de Ingenieros, Año 1960.

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Published

2023-02-08

How to Cite

Morales, M. (2023). Border defense and the nationalizing crusade by the Argentine Army in the Nahuel Huapi region (1937-1964). Revista Universitaria De Historia Militar, 11(23), 182–205. https://doi.org/10.53351/ruhm.v11i23.786

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 23 (2022): Guerra irregular en la Edad Contemporánea

Section

Estudios

License

Copyright (c) 2023 María Morales

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