Nicolás Salmerón’s resignation and the 1873 army crisis

Authors

  • Alberto Bru Sánchez-Fortún Investigador independiente

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53351/ruhm.v12i25.966

Keywords:

First Spanish Republic, Spanish army, Nicolás Salmerón, Military ordinance, death sentence

Abstract

The recurrent interference of the armed forces in Spanish political life is an undeniable reality for anyone intending to approach the contemporary history of Spain. However, despite how extensively this issue has been tackled, it is still possible to shed light on some areas of public life where military interference has gone unnoticed or is so blurred as to be hardly identifiable at first sight. The resignation of Nicolás Salmerón from the presidency in the first days of September 1873 ―the convulsive year in which the First Spanish Republic was born― is a good example of those situations where the direct responsibility of the Army in a political crisis remains in the shadows.

The issue referred to here was not due to the political ambitions of the occasional swordsman, but ―and this was considerably less common in the 19th century― to the frustration built up among the officer corps because of its inability to put an end to the Carlist conflict in 1873. The lack of resources and the Spanish Army's structural imbalances and deficiencies turned it into a profound operational and even identity crisis, which reached its peak during that summer. To overcome it, the military institution could not find other solution than to demand complete freedom in the application of the severities of its Ordinance on the suffering troops, now perceived as a dangerously disruptive mass susceptible to worrisome forms of propaganda. The subsequent pressure exerted on Salmerón by intermediate commanders was the key to his resignation and his replacement by Castelar, much more malleable to the officer corps' needs. Due to all these reasons, there is no need for more or less romantic explanations linking Salmerón's resignation with the supposed moral dilemma caused by the need to "sign" death sentences. Especially because, as shall be evidenced, he could neither authorize nor pardon the carrying out of any capital punishment during his term of office.

Finally, it seems convenient to show how certain approach patterns are replicated in another conflict like the one object of this study that took place a little more than thirty years later, in 1905, again with the involvement of the military mesocracy.

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Author Biography

Alberto Bru Sánchez-Fortún, Investigador independiente

Investigador independiente

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Published

2024-01-24

How to Cite

Bru Sánchez-Fortún, A. (2024). Nicolás Salmerón’s resignation and the 1873 army crisis. Revista Universitaria De Historia Militar, 12(25), 151–175. https://doi.org/10.53351/ruhm.v12i25.966

Issue

Vol. 12 No. 25 (2023): Mujeres en guerras, perspectivas discursivas

Section

Estudios

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Copyright (c) 2024 Alberto Bru Sánchez-Fortún

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