The attempt for monarchical restoration in a province of New Granada: Tunja 1816-1819

Authors

  • Isidro Vanegas Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia – Tunja

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53351/ruhm.v7i15.470

Keywords:

New Granada, Reconquista, Restoration, Monarchy, Tunja

Abstract

This article studies the post-revolutionary period (1816-1819) in Tunja, one of New Granada’s provinces. First of all, it shows the main features of the revolutionary event within this jurisdiction, a social disruption that the pacifying enterprise sought to erase. Secondly, the article analyzes how the royalist authorities governed and the difficulties that they struggled with in order to bring the promised calm to the province’s society. And thirdly, it examines the practices of resistance, which were developed against the restoration project. The present article seeks to contribute to the filling of the existing vacuum in the study of this period at the provincial level. Besides, it aims to contribute to the understanding of how the royalist authorities tried to govern, the difficulties that emerged and how the Neo-Granadian Revolution had transformed provincial society and how this added further difficulties to the stabilization of the jurisdiction. In this sense, this paper takes part in the reflection about the most appropriate way to denominate this period, which patriotic historiography expeditiously managed to characterize exclusively by the violence and the usurpations of the forces sent by Ferdinand VII. As several authors have already shown, this representation has important limitations insofar as it ignores not-so-battered regions, the military and civil leaders who acted with moderation and the important social support behind the «pacifying project». The need to incorporate these elements into the narrative about this historical period is no obstacle to continue to define it as a «Reconquista». All the more so given that it was an intrinsically conflictive enterprise, which for many years was opposed by a set of opponents who had been claiming themselves in a legitimate and materially effective way as a political group outside the Spanish monarchy. In the elaboration of this text, I used a great variety of documents from regional archives, the press and documentary compilations in Colombia and Spain which incorporate the voices of the participants in these events.

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Author Biography

  • Isidro Vanegas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia – Tunja

    Isidro Vanegas Useche es profesor en la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia – Tunja. Doctor en historia por la Universidad París I - Panteón Sorbona. Ha publicado, entre otros libros: La Revolución Neogranadina; Todas son iguales. Estudios sobre la democracia en Colombia; El constitucionalismo fundacional; El siglo diecinueve colombiano (editor); y Dos vidas, una revolución. Igualmente ha traducido los libros Artesanos y política en Bogotá, de David Sowell; y Republicanos indóciles, de James Sanders.

References

Libros, artículos y folletos

“Cartas desde Jamaica de Don José González Llorente”, Boletín de Historia y Antigüedades, 77:770 (1990), pp. 593-615.

“Habitantes de la Provincia de Tunja”, Santafé de Bogotá, Imprenta de D. B. E. por Nicomedes Lora, 1816.

“Relación de los principales cabezas de la rebelión de este Nuevo Reyno de Granada, que después de formados sus procesos, y vistos detenidamente en el consejo de guerra permanente, han sufrido por sus delitos la pena capital en la forma que se expresa”, Santafé de Bogotá, Imprenta del Gobierno, 1816.

Alberto LEE (comp.): Los ejércitos del rey 1818-1819, 2 vols., Bogotá, Biblioteca de la Presidencia de la República, 1989.

Antonio NARIÑO: “Documentos relativos al manifiesto del Presidente del Estado de Cundinamarca”, Santafé de Bogotá, Imprenta del Sol, 1812.

Antonio RODRÍGUEZ VILLA (ed.): El teniente general don Pablo Morillo, t. 3, Madrid, Establecimiento tipográfico de Fortanet, 1908.

Armando MARTÍNEZ, Isidro VANEGAS y Daniel GUTIÉRREZ (comps.): Joaquín Camacho: de lector ilustrado a publicista republicano (1807-1815), Bogotá, Universidad Externado, 2011.

Constitución de la República de Tunja, Santafé de Bogotá, Imprenta de D. Bruno Espinosa, 1811.

Daniel GUTIÉRREZ: La Restauración en la Nueva Granada (1815-1819), Bogotá, Universidad Externado, 2016.

Daniel GUTIÉRREZ: Un nuevo reino. Geografía política, pactismo y diplomacia durante el interregno en Nueva Granada, 1808-1816, Bogotá, Universidad Externado, 2010.

Diana BONNETT: Tierra y comunidad: un problema irresuelto, Bogotá, ICANH, 2002.

Ernesto RESTREPO (dir.): Archivo Santander, t. 2, Bogotá, Águila Negra editorial, 1914.

Francisco de Paula SANTANDER: El General Simón Bolívar en la campaña de la Nueva Granada de 1819, Bogotá, Imprenta del C. B. E. por el C. Nicomedes Lora, 1820.

Guillermo HERNÁNDEZ (comp.): “Documentos inéditos: sumarias de los procesos seguidos contra los clérigos patriotas (Archivo Nacional de Madrid, Consejos, Legajo 21364, Santafé, año 1817)”, Boletín de Historia y Antigüedades, 49:573, 574 (1962), pp. 345-436.

Jorge Tadeo LOZANO (comp.): “Documentos importantes sobre las negociaciones que tiene pendiente el Estado de Cundinamarca para que se divida el Reyno en departamentos”, Santafé de Bogotá, Imprenta Real de D. Bruno Espinosa de los Monteros, 1811.

Juan FRIEDE: La otra verdad: la independencia de América vista por los españoles, Bogotá, Ediciones Tercer Mundo, 1972.

Justo CUÑO: El retorno del Rey: el restablecimiento del régimen colonial en Cartagena de Indias (1815-1821), Castelló de la Plana, Universitat Jaume I, 2008.

Miguel Luis AMUNÁTEGUI: Vida de don Andrés Bello, Santiago de Chile, impreso por Pedro G. Ramírez, 1882.

Nicolás GARCÍA SAMUDIO: La reconquista de Boyacá en 1816, Tunja, Imprenta del Departamento, 1916.

Oswaldo DÍAZ: Los Almeida, Bogotá, Academia Colombiana de Historia, 1962.

Rebecca EARLE: España y la independencia de Colombia, 1810-1825, Bogotá, Universidad de los Andes / Banco de la República, 2014.

Ulises ROJAS: “La Provincia de Tunja de 1816 a 1820”, Repertorio boyacense, 6:56 (1920), pp. 422-435.

Periódicos

El Argos Americano, 1810, Cartagena.

Gazeta Ministerial de Cundinamarca, 1812, Santafé de Bogotá.

El Republicano, 1815, Tunja.

Década Miscelánea de Cartagena, 1814.

Gazeta de Santafé, Capital del Nuevo Reino de Granada, 1816.

Archivos

Archivo General de la Nación, Sección Colonia, Poblaciones de Boyacá, tomo 1bis.

Sección Colonia, Censos varios departamentos, tomo 6.

Sección Colonia, Tributos, tomo 22.

Sección Colonia, Virreyes, tomo 10.

Sección Colonia, Caciques e indios, tomo 32.

Sección Archivo Anexo, Historia, tomos 12, 21, 22, 24.

Sección Archivo Anexo, Gobierno, tomo 29.

Sección Archivo Anexo, Justicia, tomo 26.

Sección Archivo Anexo, Guerra y Marina, tomos 150, 158.

Archivo Academia Colombiana de Historia, Colección Camilo Torres, caja 2.

Archivo Regional de Boyacá, Fondo Archivo Histórico de Tunja, tomos 451, 452, 454, 474, 495-504.

Fondo Cabildo, legajo 44.

Real Academia de la Historia, Madrid, sig. 9/7665, leg. 22; 9/7666, leg. 23.

Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango, MSS693.

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Published

— Updated on 2018-12-29

Issue

Vol. 7 No. 15 (2018): La Restauración como fenómeno extra-europeo, 1814-1826

Section

Dossier

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How to Cite

The attempt for monarchical restoration in a province of New Granada: Tunja 1816-1819. (2018). Revista Universitaria De Historia Militar, 7(15). https://doi.org/10.53351/ruhm.v7i15.470

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