From Aleppo to Chios and from Chios to Aleppo: History in Crisis

Authors

  • Magda Fytili Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53351/ruhm.v10i20.765

Keywords:

Massive displacement, Forced displacement, Greece, Migrant crisis, SO-CLOSE

Abstract

This article aims to highlight the experiences of massive, forced or voluntary displacement, through the narration of a history of displacement that took place in the past: the history, little known and studied, of more than 30,000 displaced people from Greece and the Dodecanese who during the years 1941-1944 fled for their lives, firstly to Turkey, and then when they were sent by allied forces - especially the British - to refugee camps in Cyprus, the Middle East and North Africa. Through this history, we aim to establish a framework of historical comparison based on common, similar and even different experiences of the massive displacement that took place during the Second World War and the current displacement. Considering that the goal of this article is to compare experiences of displacement that took place at different historical moments, the testimonies of displaced people acquire here additional relevance.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Entrevistas:

Entrevista a Basima, Atenas, 23 de junio de 2020.

Entrevista a Carim, Atenas, 5 de julio de 2020.

Entrevista a Hamida, Atenas, 11 de julio de 2020.

Entrevista a Amin, Atenas, 12 de julio de 2020.

Entrevista a Said, Atenas, 14 de julio de 2020.

Nidale ABOU MRAD: “The Greek Refugees Who Fled to the Middle East in WWII”, BBC News, 20 de junio de 2016.

Philip P. ARGENTI: The Occupation of Chios by the Germans 1941-1944, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Nasos BRATSOS: Refugiados del Mar de Egeo en la Segunda Guerra Mundial (Turquía-Medio Oriente-África-Chipre), Pireo, Notios Anemos, 2017.

Philipp CARABOTT, Thanasis D. SFIKAS (eds.): The Greek Civil War: Essays on a Conflict of Exceptionalism and Silences, London, Routledge, 2004.

David CLOSE: The Origins of the Greek Civil War, London, Longman, 1995.

Grace FOX: “The Origins of UNRRA”, Political Science Quarterly, 65:4, (1950), pp. 561-584.

Peter GATRELL: The Making of the Modern Refugee, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2013.

Peter GATRELL: “Refugees—What’s Wrong with History?”, Journal of Refugee Studies, 30:2, (2017), pp. 170-189.

Peter GATRELL et al.: “Reckoning with Refugeedom: Refugee Voices in Modern History”, Social History, 46:1, (2021), pp. 70-95.

Violeta HIONDOU: Famine and Death in Occupied Greece, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2006.

Renée HIRSCHON: (eds.) Crossing the Aegean: An Appraisal of the 1923 Compulsory Population Exchange between Greece and Turkey, New York, Berghahn, 2003.

Jeffrey HOLLAND: The Aegean Mission. Allied Operations in the Dodecanese, 1943, New York, Greenwood Press, 1988.

Jennifer HYNDMAN: Managing Displacement: Refugees and the Politics of Humanitarianism, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 2000.

Abram J. JAFFE: “Notes on the Population Theory of Eugene M. Kulischer”, The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 40:2, (1962), pp. 187-206.

Sophia KALANTZAKOS, “A Paradox in Today’s Europe? Greece’s Response to the Syrian Refugee Crisis”, The Jean Monnet Papers on Political Economy, 15, (2017), pp. 1-28.

Leonis KALVOKORESIS: Crónica de la ocupación de Quíos por los alemanes 1941-1944, Atenas, 1958.

Lena KARAMANIDOU: “Racialized Violence against Migrants in Greece”, en Umut KORKUT et al. (ed.) Discursive Governance in Politics, Policy, and the Public Sphere, New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2015, pp. 15-29.

George KAZAMIAS: “The Politics of Famine Relief for Occupied Greece” en Richard CLOGG (ed.), Bearing Gifts to Greece. Humanitarian Aid to Greece in the 1940s, New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2008, pp. 39-57.

Gerald Daniel KOHEN: In War’s Wake: Europe’s Displaced Persons in the Postwar Order, New York, Oxford University Press, 2012.

Eugene M. KULISCHER: The Displacement of Population in Europe, International Labour Office, Studies and Reports, Series O (Migration), 8, Montreal, 1943.

Alexandros LAMPROU: “Refugiados de Grecia y de Dodecaneso a Turquía durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial”, (2020), PIXELS@humanities, 1. doi:https://doi.org/10.12681/pixels-h.25405

Yannis MAKRIDAKIS: En las vallas, fuera de las vallas, todos. Refugiados de Quíos y soldados en Medio Oriente. Narraciones 1941-1946, Atenas, Estia, 2010.

Celia MANNAERT: “Irregular Migration and Asylum in Turkey”, New Issues in Refugee Research, Working Paper 89, UNHCR, (2003), pp. 1-17.

Philip MARFLEET: “Refugees and History: Why We Must Address the Past”, Refugee Survey Quarterly, 26:3, (2007), pp. 136-148.

Mark MAZOWER: Inside Hitler’s Greece. The Experience of Occupation, 1941-1944, New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1993.

Iakovos D. MIJAILIDIS: Niños de Ulises. Refugiados griegos en Medio Oriente y África (1941-1946), Atenas, Metexmio, 2018.

Dan PLESCH: America, Hitler and the UN: How the Allies Won World War II and Forged a Peace, I. B. Tauris, 2011.

Yannis PRIOVOLOS: Datos del margen de la historia. Testimonios de los habitantes de Quíos del siglo veinte, Quíos, Egeas, 2009.

Jessica REINISCH: “Introduction: Relief in the Aftermath of War”, Journal of Contemporary History, 43:3, (2008), pp. 371-404.

Jessica REINISCH: “Old Wine in New Bottles? UNRRA and the Mid-Century World of Refugees”, en Matthew FRANK, Jessica REINISCH (ed.), Refugees in Europe, 1919-1959. A Forty Years’ Crisis? New York, Bloomsbury, 2017, pp. 147-175.

Joan W. SCOTT: “The Evidence of Experience”, Critical Inquiry, 17:4, (1991), pp. 773-797.

Ben SHEPHARD: The Long Road Home. The Aftermath of the Second World War, New York, Alfred A. Kpnof, 2011.

Claudena SKRAN: Refugees in Inter-War Europe: The Emergence of a Regime. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1995.

Nevzat SOGUK: States and Strangers. Refugees and Displacements of Statecraft, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1999.

Philipp THER: The Dark Side of Nation States: Ethnic Cleans¬ing in Modern Europe, Oxford: Berghahn, 2014.

Sule TOKTAS et al.: “Transit and Receiving Countries: Refugee Protection Policies in Belgium, Slovenia, Greece, and Turkey”, Alternatives Turkish Journal of International Relations, 5:1,2, (2006), pp. 20-50.

George WOODBRIDGE: UNRRA. The History of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, 1, New York, Columbia University Press, 1950.

Mark WYMAN: DPs: Europe’s Displaced Persons, 1945–1951, Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press, 1998.

Andreas ZIMMERMANN: (eds.), The 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol: A Commentary, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2011.

“Cuando los griegos huyeron a Siria como refugiados”, Kathimerini, 18 de octubre de 2015.

“Global Trends. Forced Displacement in 2015”, UNHCR, https://www.unhcr.org/576408cd7

“Los derechos humanos y los éxodos en masa”, A/58/186, 25 de junio de 2003, https://www.iom.int/jahia/webdav/shared/shared/mainsite/policy_and_research/un/58/A_58_186_es.pdf

UNHCR Observations on the Current Situation of Asylum in Greece, December 2014, pp. 17, 28, https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/54cb3af34.pdf

https://www.amnesty.org/en/press-releases/2016/04/turkey-illegal-mass-returns-of-syrian-refugees-expose-fatal-flaws-in-eu-turkey-deal/

https://www.unhcr.org/gr/en/16207-unhcr-concerned-by-pushback-reports-calls-for-protection-of-refugees-and-asylum-seekers.html

OECD Economic Surveys: Greece 2020, https://www.oecd.org/economy/surveys/Greece-2020-OECD-economic-survey-Overview.pdf

Informe de “Refugee Support Aegean” sobre la exclusión y la segregación de los niños refugiados del sistema escolar nacional griego, https://rsaegean.org/en/excluded-and-segregated-the-vanishing-education-of-refugee-children-in-greece/

Downloads

Published

2021-07-01

How to Cite

From Aleppo to Chios and from Chios to Aleppo: History in Crisis. (2021). Revista Universitaria De Historia Militar, 10(20), 305-327. https://doi.org/10.53351/ruhm.v10i20.765

Similar Articles

31-40 of 60

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.