Piratería, corso y la creación del Mediterráneo otomano
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53351/ruhm.v10i20.735Palabras clave:
Otomano, Mediterráneo, Violencia marítima, Piratería, CorsarioResumen
Este artículo explora el entorno y los desafíos que la piratería y el corso del Mediterráneo otomano plantearon a sus administradores, juristas y víctimas durante los siglos XVI y XVII. Mientras que los corsarios musulmanes del norte de África y los católicos de Malta y Livorno han sido objeto de importantes investigaciones, principalmente empleando fuentes en lengua europea, la experiencia otomana está menos estudiada. Basándose en una amplia gama de fuentes otomanas y estudios recientes, se analizan las causas, manifestaciones y consecuencias de dichas actividades en aguas otomanas. Los corsarios desempeñaron un papel fundamental en las batallas libradas entre otomanos y españoles por la supremacía en el Mediterráneo durante el siglo XVI, incrementándose el alcance de la violencia marítima y su gama de actores a partir de la década de 1570. Tras concluir la tregua con España, la superioridad naval otomana se evaporó a medida que la atención y los recursos militares y financieros se redirigieron a la puesta en marcha de guerras terrestres y el sofocamiento de rebeliones internas hasta la década de 1630. Los otomanos no lograron reprimir la piratería y el corso, que se extendieron por la mitad oriental del Mediterráneo. Sin embargo, su violencia tuvo un impacto significativo en la política exterior e interior y en la teoría y las prácticas legales otomanas. Las cláusulas relativas a la piratería se incluían en todos los tratados comerciales que estos firmaban con otras potencias marítimas, y su contenido e interpretación evolucionaron a medida que cambió la naturaleza de la amenaza. A principios del siglo XVII, juristas islámicos-otomanos de alto rango comenzaron a emitir opiniones legales en respuesta a preguntas y problemas planteados por la violencia marítima, mientras que los tribunales escucharon litigios civiles igualmente relacionados con esta cuestión. Paradójicamente, la importancia de la ley otomana aumentó con el caos marítimo. Este artículo sostiene que el desafío de la piratería redefinió los límites geográficos y conceptuales del Mediterráneo otomano, no en términos de soberanía o supremacía naval, sino como el espacio dentro del cual reinaba la ley otomana.
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2021-07-01 — Actualizado el 2021-07-04
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White, J. M. (2021). Piratería, corso y la creación del Mediterráneo otomano. Revista Universitaria De Historia Militar, 10(20), 95–124. https://doi.org/10.53351/ruhm.v10i20.735
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