Dámaso Berenguer and his lessons about the asymmetric war in the North of Morocco (1918-1923)

Authors

  • María Gajate Bajo Universidad de Salamanca

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53351/ruhm.v11i23.863

Keywords:

Dámaso Berenguer, Protectorate, asymmetric war, Lyautey, oil stain

Abstract

General Dámaso Berenguer Fusté served as High Commissioner of Spain in Morocco between 1919 and 1922, a critical period in which the so-called Disaster of Annual took place. In addition to playing a part as one of the main protagonists of this episode, as well as of the “reconquest” and the parallel process of responsibility assumption, Berenguer was a devoted student of the tactics used in the Spanish-Moroccan conflict and a profound admirer of the work of his French counterpart, Marshal Lyautey. Based on these premises, this article delves into Berenguer's thoughts and formulations on the Moroccan campaigns, mainly those collected in his books La guerra en Marruecos (ensayo de una adaptación táctica) (1918) and Campañas en el Rif y Yebala: notas y documentos de mi diario de operaciones (1923). The aim of this analysis is to learn and understand how the High Commissioner conceived the practice of asymmetric warfare on the Moroccan scene and to what extent he was satisfied with his own leadership.To this end, General Berenguer's sources of inspiration will first be explored, focusing particularly on the French example but also on the memory of the recent Spanish experience in Cuba. Secondly, the correspondence between Berenguer's tactical model and his account of the events of the summer of 1921 will be equally explored. Finally, this whole comparison exercise between doctrine and practice (also between western and eastern regions) will serve to draw some conclusions on the peculiarities of asymmetrical warfare in Northern Morocco.

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Author Biography

María Gajate Bajo, Universidad de Salamanca

aría Gajate Bajo es Doctora en Historia por la Universidad de Salamanca (2011) y Premio Extraordinario de Doctorado (2012), especialista en Historia Militar Contemporánea por la Universidad Jaime I (2016). Desde octubre de 2015 ha trabajado como profesora interina en la Escuela Universitaria de Relaciones Laborales de Zamora y, desde febrero de 2019, como profesora ayudante doctor en la Universidad de Salamanca. Sus líneas de investigación incluyen: las campañas militares hispano-marroquíes, la actitud de la opinión pública ante las mismas, el pensamiento de la intelectualidad y el empleo de la propaganda de guerra. Ha publicado la monografía Las campañas de Marruecos y la opinión pública. El ejemplo de Salamanca y su prensa y es coeditora de Guerra y Tecnología. Interacción desde la Antigüedad al Presente.También ha colaborado en varios libros colectivos y publicaciones científicas, tales como Revista de Historia Militar, Revista Universitaria de Historia Militar, Revista de Historia Actual, Urvio o Hispania. Es miembro del Consejo de Redacción de la revista Alcores y, integrante de la Asociación de Historia Contemporánea (AHC) y miembro fundador de la Asociación Española de Historia Militar (ASEHISMI).

References

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Published

2023-02-08

How to Cite

Gajate Bajo, M. (2023). Dámaso Berenguer and his lessons about the asymmetric war in the North of Morocco (1918-1923). Revista Universitaria De Historia Militar, 11(23), 62–84. https://doi.org/10.53351/ruhm.v11i23.863

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 23 (2022): Guerra irregular en la Edad Contemporánea

Section

Dossier

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Copyright (c) 2023 María Gajate Bajo

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