The Spanish Protectorate in Morocco. Colonial frenzy and the impact of Annual

Authors

  • Jesús Marchán Gustems GRIMSE (Grupo de Investigación en Imperios, Metrópolis y Sociedades Extraeuropeas) - Universitat Pompeu Fabra

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53351/ruhm.v8i16.518

Keywords:

Agricultural colonisation, Compañía Española de Colonización, “colonising fever”, Morocco, Annual

Abstract

This research works on the rise of the agricultural colonisation in the Eastern area of the Spanish protectorate of northern Morocco (1912-1956), commanded by Compañía Española de Colonización. In order to complete our purpose we have worked with some documentation from archives, press and contemporary publications. Most of them supported the Spanish colonial project, but there are some that were opposed, too. That enterprise opened some cultivation areas in the Rif, worked by Spanish settlers. The most important one was the Plain of Garet that measured over 20.000 hectares. CEC was owned by a group of investors well related with the highest Spanish political authorities, including King Alfonso XIII. Thanks to it they had a good position to invest and protect their own interests. The most lucrative enterprise they owned in northern Morocco was Compañía Española de Minas del Rif.

CEC was an important piece of investor group and also an important tool to ensure the continuation of the business project and the colonial one. In this respect CEMR was supported and favoured by the Spanish authorities in order to get the mining concessions around Melilla. And so they did with CEC, thanks to the legalisation of the massive acquisition of real estate in the Plain of Garet.

This important purchase is part of the initial period of the Spanish protectorate of northern Morocco. It was a moment in which colonial and military authorities didn’t have the whole control of the zone assigned to Spain in 1912. But at the same time there was a “colonising fever”, as a consequence of the rise of the real estate demand. The Disaster of Annual (1921) destroyed the past work. The Spanish colonial and metropolitan authorities didn’t give all their material support to the settlers that survived, but lost their investment. But they helped CEC owners in order to recover their money. This fact would have negative consequence in long term for the Spanish colonial project.

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Author Biography

  • Jesús Marchán Gustems, GRIMSE (Grupo de Investigación en Imperios, Metrópolis y Sociedades Extraeuropeas) - Universitat Pompeu Fabra

    Jesús Marchán Gustems es profesor de historia en CIEE (Council on International Educational Exchange)-Barcelona, y miembro del GRIMSE (Grupo de Investigación en Imperios, Metrópolis y Sociedades Extraeuropeas). Ganador del IV premio Fons Bibliogràfic de la Cambra de Comerç de Barcelona en 2008, realizó su tesis doctoral en la Universitat Pompeu Fabra de Barcelona gracias a una beca FPI (Formación de Personal Investigador) del estado.

    Su ámbito de investigación se centra en las relaciones hispano-marroquíes en los siglos XIX y XX, en especial el imperialismo español en Marruecos y el protectorado en el norte de dicho país (1912-1956). Su tesis doctoral versa sobre la colonización agrícola y el régimen de la propiedad. Asimismo ha publicado diversas investigaciones en forma de capítulos de libro y artículos, el último de los cuales en Historia Agraria (2018): “Una avanzadilla malograda: colonización oficial y propiedad inmueble en el protectorado español de Marruecos (1912-1956)”.

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Published

2019-07-11 — Updated on 2020-03-22

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 16 (2019): España y Marruecos: Guerra y colonialismo en los siglos XIX y XX

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How to Cite

The Spanish Protectorate in Morocco. Colonial frenzy and the impact of Annual. (2020). Revista Universitaria De Historia Militar, 8(16), 61-81. https://doi.org/10.53351/ruhm.v8i16.518

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