The Return of Philip V to Italy after the War of the Spanish Succession. The Spanish-English Amphibian Expedition to the Toscana in 1731

Authors

  • María Baudot Monroy Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53351/ruhm.v5i10.192

Keywords:

Mediterranean naval politics, Philip V, Amphibious expedition, English cooperation

Abstract

This paper is part of the debate on the revisionist politics of Philip V after the peace of Utrecht in 1713. His main objective was to regain control of the western Mediterranean waters and the Italian lands which had belonged to the Spanish crown before the war of succession, when they were transferred to Austria and Savoy.

We start with the argument that it was a long-range political project, initially developed by the abbot Giulio Alberoni in 1714, who was able to combine the king's vindictive desire with the Duke of Parma's fear of losing the independence of his duchy to the Austrian expansion in Italy, for being feudatory of the emperor. After the marriage of Philip V with Elizabeth Farnese, the niece of the Duke, who passed the duchy inheritance rights to their children, the king made the project the axis of its foreign policy. For 15 years unsuccessful naval expeditions, wars and negotiations with the European powers took place.

The first achievement of this policy took place in 1731 with the succession of the Infant Don Carlos to the duchies of Parma, Piacenza and Tuscany and the quartering of Spanish troops in Tuscany. This success was made possible thanks to a Spanish-English amphibious expedition, whose development and implementation we knew very little.

The consulted unpublished original documentation has enabled us not only to reconstruct the development of the expedition, but to know much about the resources mobilized, like men, ships, supplies, food, money and the very important diplomatic and naval support of England. British cooperation was crucial to the success of the expedition, which consolidated the recovery of the Spanish naval power and was the determining step to recover the presence in the western Mediterranean and in Italy.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

  • María Baudot Monroy, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia

    María Baudot Monroy es Doctora en Historia Moderna. Máster en Historia de la América colonial. Investigadora en el Departamento de Historia Moderna de la UNED. Sus investigaciones se centran en la Armada y en la política naval del siglo XVIII. Miembro del grupo de investigación Contractor State Group de la Universidad de Navarra. Autora de La defensa del Imperio. Julián de Arriaga en la Armada, 1700-1754 (Madrid 2013), editora  y coautora de El Estado en guerra. Expediciones navales españolas en el siglo XVIII (Madrid 2014) y de varias publicaciones en revistas científicas y obras colectivas. Actualmente colabora en los siguientes proyectos de investigación: “Los nervios de la guerra. Movilización de recursos militares y construcción de la Monarquía imperial hispánica en los siglos XVII y XVIII”, de la Universidad de Navarra, y “Ejército, Marina y Estado: “La construcción del sistema imperial hispánico en el siglo XVIII", del Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

References

David Alberto ABIÁN CUBILLO: Guerra y Ejército en el siglo XVIII, Santander, Universidad de Cantabria, 2013.

Miguel Ángel ALONSO AGUILERA: La conquista y el dominio español de Cerdeña (1717-1720). Introducción a la política española en el Mediterráneo posterior a la Paz de Utrecht, serie ‹‹Estudios y Documentos››, Valladolid, 1977.

Francisco ANDÚJAR CASTILLO: El sonido del dinero, ejército y venalidad en la España del siglo XVIII, Madrid, Marcial Pons, 2004.

_ ”La privatización del reclutamiento: el sistema de asientos›”, Studia Histórica, 25 (2003), pp, 123-147.

María BAUDOT MONROY: ‹”No siempre enemigos. El viaje del infante Don Carlos y la expedición naval hispano-inglesa a Italia en 1731”, Obradoiro de Historia Moderna, 26, 2016 (en prensa).

Daniel BAUGH: “Sir Charles Wager, 1666-1743”, en Peter Le FEVRE, Richard HARDING: (eds.), Precursors of Nelson: British Admirals of the Eighteenth Century, Londres, Chatham Publishing, 2000, pp. 100-126.

Robert BEATSON: Naval and military memoirs of Great Britain from the year of 1727 to 1783, in six volumes, Londres, Logman, Hurst. Rees y Orme, 1804.

Jean BERENGER: “Les Habsbourg et la mer au XVIIIe siècle”, en Martine ACERRA, Jean-Pierre POUSSOU, Michel VERGÉ-FRANCESCHI, M., André ZYSBERG: (Eds.) Mélanges offerts a Monsieur le Professeur Jean Meyer: État, Marine et société, Presses de la’Université Paris-Sorbonne, Paris, 1995, pp. 25-34.

Antonio BETHENCOURT MASSIEU: Patiño en la política internacional de Felipe V, Valladolid, 1954, obra reeditada con el título de Relaciones de España bajo Felipe V, Las Palmas, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 1998.

Cristina BORREGUERO BELTRÁN: “Del Tercio al Regimiento”, Estudis: Revista de Historia Moderna, 27 (2001), pp. 53-90.

_ “Antiguos y nuevos modelos de reclutamiento en el Ejército borbónico del siglo XVIII”, Juan MARCHENA, Manuel CHUST: Por la fuerza de las armas. Ejército e Independencia iberoamericana, Castellón, Universitat Jaume I, 2008.

José CEPEDA GÓMEZ: “La Marina y el equilibrio de los océanos en el siglo XVIII”, en Agustín GUIMERÁ, Víctor PERALTA: (coords.) El equilibrio de los imperios: de Utrecht a Trafalgar, Madrid, Fundación española de Historia Moderna, 2005, pp. 447-482.

Hervé COUTAU-BÉGARIE: “Seapower in the Mediterranean from the seventeenth to the nineteenth Century”, en John HATTENDORF: Naval policy and strategy in the Mediterranean: past, present and future, London, Frank Cass Publishers, 2000, pp. 30-47.

Eduardo ESCARTÍN SÁNCHEZ: La Intendencia de Cataluña en el siglo XVIII, Barcelona, Santandreu, 1995.

Francesca FAUSTA GALLO: “El Mediterráneo en el nuevo contexto europeo (1700-1715)”, en Marina TORRES ARCE, M. y Susana TRUCHUELO: Europa en torno a Utrecht, Santander, Universidad de Cantabria, 2014, pp.89-112

Luis FÉ CANTÓ: Oran (1732-1745). Les horizons magrhébins de la monarchie hispanique, tesis doctoral, École des Hautes Études en Sciences sociales, 2011.

Manuel GARCÍA RIVAS: “En torno a la biografía de Blas de Lezo”, Itsas Memoria. Revista de Estudios Marítimos del País Vasco, 7 (2012), pp. 487-522.

Enrique GIMÉNEZ LÓPEZ: “Conflicto armado con Francia y guerrilla austracista en Cataluña (1719-1720)”, Hispania, 220 (2005), pp. 543-600.

Tomas GLESENER: “La estatalización del reclutamiento de soldados extranjeros en el siglo XVIII”, en Manuel-Reyes GARCÍA HURTADO: Soldados de la Ilustración. El Ejército en el siglo XVIII, Coruña, Universidad de La Coruña, 2012, pp. 239-263.

María Dolores GÓMEZ MOLLEDA, “El pensamiento de Carvajal y la política internacional de España en el siglo XVIII”, Hispania, 58 (1955), pp. 117-137.

Juan Antonio GÓMEZ VIZCAÍNO: “El Departamento marítimo de Cartagena bajo el mando de Miguel de Sada y Antillón, conde de Clavijo”, Cartagena histórica, 26 (2008), pp, 47-55.

Agustín GONZÁLEZ ENCISO: “La Marina a la conquista de Italia, 1733-1735”, Revista de Historia Naval, monográfico, 69 (2014), pp. 15-35.

David GOODMAN: El poderío naval español, Barcelona, Ediciones Península, 2001

Lluis J. GUÍA MARÍN: “Navegando hacia Italia. El reino de Cerdeña en el escenario político resultante de los tratados de Utrecht-Rastadt”, Cuadernos de Historia Moderna, 12 (2013), pp. 189-210.

Jaime Miguel DE GUZMÁN-DÁVALOS Y SPÍNOLA, MARQUÉS DE LA MINA: Memorias militares sobre la Guerra de Cerdeña y Sicilia en los años de 1717 a 1720, Barcelona, 1755.

Robert HAIDINGER: Kaiser Karl VI und die Marine, trabajo de fin de grado, Universidad de Viena, 2013.

Richard HARDING: Seapower and naval warfare, 1650-1830, Abingdon, Oxon, Routledge, 1999.

Agustín JIMÉNEZ MORENO: ‹‹La búsqueda de la hegemonía marítima y comercial. La participación de Inglaterra en la Guerra de Sucesión española según la obra de Francisco de Castellví. Narraciones históricas, 1700-1715››, Revista de Historia Moderna, 25 (2007), pp.149-178

Henry KAMEN: “Las ambiciones británicas en el Mediterráneo durante el reinado de Felipe V”, Memóires de la Reial Académia Mallorquina d’Estudis Genealogicos, Heráldicos i Historicos, 12 (2002), pp. 29-36.

Juan MARCHENA FERNÁNDEZ, J., “De las reliquias de Felipe V a la gran Armada Oceánica de 1750: guerra y marina durante la primera mitad del siglo XVIII”, en Juan José SÁNCHEZ BAENA, Celia CHAÍN NAVARRO, Lorena MARTÍNEZ-SOLÍS: (coords.) Estudios de Historia naval. Actitudes y medios en la Real Armada del siglo XVIII, Murcia, Ministerio de Defensa-Editum, 2011, pp. 49-90.

Antonio, MEIJIDE PARDO, A., La invasión inglesa de Galicia de 1719, Santiago de Compostela, CSIC – Instituto P. Sarmiento de Estudios Gallegos, 1970.

Hugo O’DONNELL Y DUQUE DE ESTRADA: “Nacimiento y desarrollo de la Armada naval”, en Eliseo SERRANO: (ed.) Felipe V y su tiempo, 2 vols., Zaragoza, Institución ‹‹Fernando el Católico››, 2004, vol.1, pp. 683-700.

Didier OZANAM: “Felipe V, Isabel de Farnesio y el revisionismo mediterráneo (1715-1746) “, en Ramón MENÉNDEZ PIDAL: Historia de España, t. XXIX-1, Madrid. Plaza y Janés Editores S. A., 1985, pp. 573-640.

Eduardo PASCUAL RAMOS: Poder y linaje durante la Guerra de Sucesión en el reino de Mallorca. El marqués de la Torre, Mallorca, El Tall, 2013.

_ “Preparativos y disposiciones de Felipe V para la expedición a Mallorca de 1715”, en Antonio JIMÉNEZ ESTRELLA y Julián LOZANO NAVARRO: Actas de la XI Reunión científica de la Fundación Española de Historia Moderna, Granada, Universidad de Granada, 2012, vol. 2, pp. 1169-1275.

Pablo-Emilio PEREZ-MALLAÍNA BUENO: “La Marina de guerra española en los comienzos del siglo XVIII, (1700-1718)”, Revista General de Marina, 199 (1980), pp. 137-155;

_ Política naval española en el Atlántico, 1700-1715, Sevilla, Escuela de Estudios Hispano-americanos, 1982.

Franz PESENDORFER: Österreich, Grossmacht im Mittelmeer? Das Königsreich Neapel-Sizilien unter Keiser Karl VI (1707/20-1734/35), Viena, Böhlau, 1998.

Nicolas RODGER: The Command of the Ocean, Londres, Norton & Comp., 2006.

Nuria SALLÉS VILASECA: ‹‹La política exterior de Felipe V entre 1713 y 1719: un desafío al sistema de Utrecht››, en Joaquim ALBAREDA: (ed.) El declive de la Monarquía y del Imperio Español. Los tratados de Utrecht (1713-1714), Barcelona, Crítica, 2015, pp. 277-317.

Shinsuke SATSUMA: Britain and colonial maritime War in the early Eighteenth Century. Silver, Sea power and the Atlantic, Woodbridge, The Boydell Press, 2013.

Christopher STORRS: (ed.) The Fiscal-Military State in the Eighteenth- Century Europe: Essays in honour of P.G.D. Dickson, Ashgate, Farnham, 2009, pp. 201-235.

_ La resistencia de la Monarquía hispánica, 1665-1700, Madrid, Actas, 2013.

David TRIM y Mark Charles FISSEL: (eds.) Amphibious Warfare, 1000-1700. Commerce, State Formation and European Expansion, Leiden and Boston, Brill, 2006, pp. 420-456.

Iván VALDÉS-BUBNOV: Poder naval y modernización del Estado: política de construcción naval española (XVI-XVIII), México, UNAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, 2011.

Downloads

Published

2016-12-22

Issue

Vol. 5 No. 10 (2016): La logística anfibia: el poder naval del Imperio español en el Mediterráneo durante el siglo XVIII

Section

Dossier

License

Copyright (c) 2017 University Journal of Military History

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License

By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License ("Public License"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.

Section 1 – Definitions.

  1. Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.
  2. Copyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.
  3. Effective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.
  4. Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.
  5. Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.
  6. Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.
  7. Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.
  8. NonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.
  9. Share means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.
  10. Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.
  11. You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.

Section 2 – Scope.

  1. License grant.
    1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:
      1. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and
      2. produce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.
    2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.
    3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).
    4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.
    5. Downstream recipients.
      1. Offer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.
      2. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.
    6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).

  2. Other rights.

    1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.
    2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.
    3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.

Section 3 – License Conditions.

Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.

  1. Attribution.

    1. If You Share the Licensed Material, You must:

      1. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:
        1. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);
        2. a copyright notice;
        3. a notice that refers to this Public License;
        4. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;
        5. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;
      2. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and
      3. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.
      For the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.
    2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.
    3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.

Section 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.

Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:

  1. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;
  2. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and
  3. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.

Section 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.

  1. Unless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.
  2. To the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.
  1. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.

Section 6 – Term and Termination.

  1. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.

  2. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:

    1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or
    2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.
    For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.
  3. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.
  4. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.

Section 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.

  1. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.
  2. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.

Section 8 – Interpretation.

  1. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.
  2. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.
  3. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.
  4. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.

Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” The text of the Creative Commons public licenses is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 Public Domain Dedication. Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark “Creative Commons” or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses.

Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.

How to Cite

The Return of Philip V to Italy after the War of the Spanish Succession. The Spanish-English Amphibian Expedition to the Toscana in 1731. (2016). Revista Universitaria De Historia Militar, 5(10), 67-88. https://doi.org/10.53351/ruhm.v5i10.192

Similar Articles

1-10 of 86

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.