Anti-colonial struggle in the Spanish protectorate according to Moroccan historiography: Raisuni and Abdelkrim

Authors

  • Rocío Velasco de Castro Universidad de Extremadura

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53351/ruhm.v8i16.540

Keywords:

Morocco, Spanish colonialism, Moroccan Historiography, Raisuni (Raisuli), Abdelkrim

Abstract

The main goal of these lines is to analyze how the two key figures in the anti-colonial struggle in Spanish Morocco: Yebala sharif Mulay Ahmed b. Muhammad b. Abdallah al-Raisuni and Rifian leader Muhammad ibn Abd al-Karim al-Khattabi have been treated in Moroccan historiography. Therefore, it is intended to provide the Moroccan perspective on historical events, exposing the main trends and authors, pointing out gaps in a selected bibliography corpus and its possible causes, and to revitalize a topic of study that still present major shortcomings and several limitations, some of them unrelated to historical research. In this sense, some of the difficulties related to the study of specific topics considered taboo due to its importance in the construction Moroccan identity after the independence shall be outlined. According to the required extension, the paper attempt to approach the issue from a case study of sixty selected works published between 1948 and 2017, most lf of them in Arabic. In this representative sample of works, Abdelkrim is the protagonist at the expense of Raisuni as the academic publications dedicated to the sharif of Yebala has been lower by comparison with the number of researches focused on the Rifian rebel. The text is structured in three parts. In the first one, a state of the art section shall be presented and contextualised from an historical point of view. Secondly, the image giving by this corpus of Raisuni and Abdelkrim as leaders of armed French colonialism resistance shall be discussed. To conclude, a series of reflections will be exposed underlining the challenges still pending as well as some proposals to improve the spreading out of these publications. It may also contribute to the knowledge of a fundamental chapter for the study of Moroccan History in general and French and Spanish colonization in North Africa in particular.

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Author Biography

  • Rocío Velasco de Castro, Universidad de Extremadura

    Rocío Velasco de Castro es Doctora en Filología Árabe (Universidad de Sevilla) y Doctoranda en Historia Contemporánea (UNED). Cuenta con un Master en Estudios Árabes e Islámicos (Universidad de Sevilla) y Máster en la España Contemporánea en el contexto Internacional (UNED), además de ser Especialista en el Magreb Contemporáneo: las relaciones de España con el Norte de África (UNED) y Experta profesional en cultura, civilización y religión islámicas (UNED).

    Profesora Contratada Doctor (acreditada a Titular) en la Universidad de Extremadura, desde 2002 ha impartido docencia en las Universidades de Sevilla, Abdelmalek Essaadi (Marruecos), Artois y Grenoble-Alpes (Francia), L’Orientale de Nápoles (Italia) y Philipps-Universität Marburg (Alemania).

    Cuenta con un sexenio vivo de investigación, 21 artículos, 35 capítulos de libro, 3 monografías y ha coordinado 4 volúmenes. Para más información, véase https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/autor?codigo=2174698 y http://unex.academia.edu/velascodecastrorocio

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Carlos F. TESSAINER: “Los últimos años de la independencia marroquí: El-Raisuni, gobernador de Tánger y el Fahs (1904-1906)”, Awrāq, 14 (1993), pp. 105-123.

Carlos F. TESSAINER: El Raisuni. Aliado y enemigo de España, Málaga, Algazara, 1998.

Rocío VELASCO DE CASTRO: “El protectorado español en Marruecos en primera persona: Muhammad Ibn Azzuz Hakim”. Tesis Doctoral, Universidad de Sevilla, 2011.

Rocío VELASCO DE CASTRO: “Embracing pluralism: National Identity in Contemporary Morocco”, International Research Network Seminar The Long History of Identity, Ethnicity and Nationhood, Oxford University, June, 8th, 2018.

Federico VILLALOBOS: El sueño colonial. Las guerras de España en Marruecos, Barcelona, Ariel, 2004.

Jorge VILLANUEVA: “Entre la colaboración y la insubordinación: la ṭarīqa Darqāwiyya de Marruecos ante Raisuni y Abdelkrim (1912-1927)”, Revista de Historia Autónoma, 12 (2018), pp. 151-169.

Tuhāmī WAZZĀNĪ: Tā'rīj al-Magrib, Tetuán, al-Rīf, 1940, 3vols.

David S. WOOLMAN: Rebels in the Rif: Abd el Krim and the Rif Rebellion, Stanford University Press, 1968.

David S. WOOLMAN: Abd el-Krim y la guerra del Rif, Barcelona, Oikos-tan, 1988.

Fāṭima AL-ŶĀMI’Ī AL-LAḤBĀBĪ (ed.): Muḥammad ‛Abd al-Karīm al-Jaṭṭābī wa qaḍāya Magrib al-yawm: a‛māl yawm dirāsī iḥtifā’ī, Rabat, Dār Abī Raqrāq, 2013, 2 vols.

Abderrahman YOUSSOUFI: “Les institutions de la République du Rif”, en VV.AA., Abd el-Krim et la République du Rif. Actes du Colloque International d´Études Historiques et Sociologiques, París, Maspero, 1976, pp. 81-100.

Mohammed ZNIBER: “Le rôle d’Abd el-Krim dans la lutte pour la libération nationale dans le Maghreb”, en VVAA., Abd el-Krim et la République du Rif: Actes du colloque international d'études historiques et sociologiques (18-20 janvier 1973), París, Maspero, 1976, pp. 489-507.

Muḥammad ZNĪBIR: Ṣifahāt min al-waṭanīya al-Magribīya, Rabat, Dār al-Našr al-Magribīya, 1990.

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Vol. 8 No. 16 (2019): España y Marruecos: Guerra y colonialismo en los siglos XIX y XX

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How to Cite

Anti-colonial struggle in the Spanish protectorate according to Moroccan historiography: Raisuni and Abdelkrim. (2019). Revista Universitaria De Historia Militar, 8(16), 41-60. https://doi.org/10.53351/ruhm.v8i16.540

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